Minecraft is a sandbox video game developed by Swedish video game developer Mojang Studios. The game was created by Marcus "Notch" Persson in the Java programming language. After several initial private trial versions, it was first made public in May 2009, before being fully released in November 2011, with Jens Bergensten taking over development. Minecraft has since been ported to several other platforms and is the best-selling video game of all time, with 200 million copies sold and 126 million monthly active users as of 2020.
In Minecraft, players explore a blocky, procedurally generated 3D world with nearly infinite terrain, and can search and extract raw materials, craft tools, and objects, and build structures or earthworks. Depending on the game mode, players can fight computer-controlled mobs, as well as cooperate or compete with other players in the same world. Game modes include a survival mode, in which players must acquire resources to build worlds and maintain health, and a creative mode, where players have unlimited resources and access to flight. Players can modify the game to create new gameplay mechanics, items, and assets.
Minecraft has been critically acclaimed, won numerous awards, and is cited as one of the greatest video games of all time. Social media, parodies, adaptations, merchandise, and the annual MineCon conventions played a major role in popularizing the game. It has also been used in educational environments, particularly in the field of computing systems, as virtual computers and hardware devices are built into it. In 2014, Mojang and Minecraft intellectual property was purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5 billion. Several spin-off games have also been created, such as Minecraft: Story Mode, Minecraft Dungeons, and Minecraft Earth.
Gameplay
Minecraft is a 3D sandbox game with no specific goals to complete, giving players a great amount of freedom in choosing how to play the game. However, there is an achievement system, known as "advancement" in the Java version of the game, and "trophies" on the PlayStation ports. Gameplay takes place in a first-person perspective by default, but players have the option of a third-person perspective. The game world is made up of rough 3D objects - mainly cubes and liquids and commonly called "blocks" - representing various materials, such as dirt, stones, ores, tree trunks, water, and lava. The main gameplay revolves around taking and placing these items. These blocks are arranged in a 3D grid, while players can move freely around the world. Players can "mine" blocks and then place them elsewhere, allowing them to build things. Several commentators have described the game's physics system as unrealistic. The game also includes a material called Redstone, which can be used to build primitive mechanical devices, electrical circuits, and logic gates, allowing for the construction of many complex systems.
The game world is virtually infinite and procedurally generated as players explore it (or manually specified by the player) using the map seed obtained from the system clock at the time of world creation. There are limits to vertical movement, but Minecraft allows an infinitely large game world to be generated on the horizontal plane. Due to technical problems when reaching extremely distant locations, however, there is a barrier preventing players from going more than 30,000,000 blocks from the center. The game achieves world data by dividing it into smaller sections called "chunks" that are created or loaded only when players have them. The world is divided into biomes that range from deserts to forests to ice fields; The terrain includes plains, mountains, forests, caves, and various lava/water bodies. The in-game timing system follows a day and night cycle, and a full cycle lasts 20 real-time minutes.
When starting a new world, players must choose one of five game modes, as well as one of four difficulties, ranging from peaceful to difficult. Increasing the game's difficulty gives the player more damage from the mob, as well as other difficulty-specific effects. For example, the Peaceful difficulty prevents hostile mobs from spawning, and the Hard difficulty allows players to starve if their hunger bar runs out. Once selected, the difficulty can be changed, but the game mode is locked and can only be changed with cheats.
New players have a randomly chosen default character skin of Steve or Alex, but the option to create custom skins was made available in 2010. Players face various non-player characters known as mobs, such as beasts, villagers, and hostile creatures. Passive mobs, such as cows, pigs, and chickens, can be hunted for food and crafting materials. They roam during the day, while hostile hordes—including large spiders, skeletons, and zombies—produce at night or in dark places such as caves. Some hostile mobs, such as zombies, skeletons, and drowned (underwater versions of zombies), burn in the sun if they don't have a hat. Other creatures unique to Minecraft include Creeper (a creature that explodes at the player) and Enderman (a creature with the ability to teleport as well as pick up and place blocks). Several types of mobs arise in different circumstances; For example, zombies have husk forms that are born in the desert.
In addition to the overworld (main world), Minecraft has two alternate dimensions: the Nether and the End. The Nether is a hell-like dimension that is accessed through player-created portals; It has many unique resources and can be used to travel long distances in the overworld, as each block traveled in the Nether is equal to 8 blocks traveled in the overworld. The player can build an alternate boss horde called Wither Out from materials found in the Nether. The End is barren land with many islands. A boss dragon named Ender Dragon lives on the main island. Killing the dragon opens access to an exit portal, which leads into the game's end credits and allusions to a poem written by Irish novelist Julian Gough. Players are then sent back to their spawn point and can continue playing indefinitely.
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